Literary Analysis Civilization And Its Discontents

Need intro, thesis Freud and Zhuangzi both think worldly happiness is fleeting and brief, but Freud thinks happiness can only be temporarily achieved and never to its fullest extent on an individual basis. In contrast, Zhuangzi believes happiness can be found in oneself if one understands the contentment of the Dao and is secure in the knowledge that everything is relative. In his book Civilization and Its Discontents, psychologist Sigmund Freud argues that every human’s purpose is to â€Å"strive after happiness†¦.to become happy and to remain so.†42 Freud defines happiness as â€Å"an absence of pain and unpleasure, and†¦the experiencing of strong feelings of pleasure.† 42 This seems to be a difficult pursuit, as human pleasure is subject to the†¦show more content†¦Conversely, one can fulfill some of these wants by loving another person and being loved in return, but if and when the love ends or isn’t reciprocated, painful heartbreak ensues.52 One can attempt to shift the aims of the instincts and throw them into something else, like art or sport, or find satisfaction in appreciation of beauty, but the pleasure gained from those will never be as strong as the pleasure obtained from the baser instincts.48 None of these solutions is endorsed as the better by Freud; he believes that â€Å"every man must fi nd out for himself in what particular fashion he can be saved.† 54 Freud admits that â€Å"the programme of becoming happy†¦cannot be fulfilled†¦By none of these paths can we attain all we desire† but in spite of this, he insists â€Å"we must not-indeed,we cannot-give up our efforts to bring it nearer to fulfillment by some means or another.† Additionally, both religion and society itself â€Å"restrict this play of choice and adaptation† 56 by regulating the ways that humans can acceptably obtain their happiness and avoid suffering. This could be a reason why people so often choose to inundate themselves with society and religion; they partially fulfill and concurrently inhibit the desires to be happy. In Zhuangzi Speaks: The Music of Nature, while the Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi neverShow MoreRelatedThe West Vs. Reality1366 Words   |  6 Pagesrise and descent of civilizations has molded history influencing what nations have become today. T he approach of using a strong military and a dynamic economy can be seen as template for civilizations when trying to dominate parts of the world since this template has been consistently used. The Clash of Civilizations, an essay by Samuel P. Huntington, argues that, as a result of the Cold War, global politics would be centered around the conflicts between the world’s civilizations. Huntington perceivesRead MoreWhat Is the French Policy of Assimilation About, What Did Scholars Like Leopold Senghor Mean by the Term Negritude as a Strategy for Countering That French Policy and What Is the Place of the Two in the Methodology of Ethnic Conflict Management?1598 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences that have the potential to dynamically incinerate conflicts, both ethnical (or racial) and otherwise. To this end, an exposà © of the Policy of Assimilation employed by the French in governing French African colonies shall be succeeded by an analysis of Negritude. The foregoing would the n be placed on the stage for examination of how it performs as a methodology for managing ethnic conflicts wherever they may occur. ASSIMILATION A cursory search for a definition will qualify assimilation simplyRead More Civilization and Freedom Essay2580 Words   |  11 Pages Section - 1 INTRODUCTION Definition of Civilization Civilization occurs when a society moves to an advanced state of social development with complex legal, political and religious organizations. There are several definitions for civilization, for instance, quot;the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilizationquot;; quot;the quality of excellence in thought and manners and tastequot;; quot;a man of intellectual refinementquot;; quot;humans living together in an organized wayquot;Read MoreUsing Psychoanalysis to Understand Human Behavior Essay4081 Words   |  17 Pagesas an important tool for understanding human nature. Furthermore, psychoanalytic criticism of authors, characters, and readers has a place in literary criticism that is as important as the place of psychoanalysis in society. This is because of the mimetic nature of much of modern literature. In fact, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan wrote, If psycho-analysis is to be constituted as the science of the unconscious, one must set out from the notion that the uncons cious is structured like a language,(1)Read MoreInvisible Man11097 Words   |  45 Pagesas an important tool for understanding human nature. Furthermore, psychoanalytic criticism of authors, characters, and readers has a place in literary criticism that is as important as the place of psychoanalysis in society. This is because of the mimetic nature of much of modern literature. In fact, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan wrote, If psycho-analysis is to be constituted as the science of the unconscious, one must set out from the notion that the unconscious is structured like a language,(1)Read More History Of Human Behavior Essay2758 Words   |  12 Pagesshowed us that, while the dark and blind forces in human nature sometimes seem overwhelming, psychological understanding, by enlarging the realm of reason and responsibility, can make a substantial difference to troubled individuals and even to civilization as a whole. Building on such ideas and ideals, psychoanalysis has continued t o grow and develop as a general theory of human mental functioning, while always maintaining a profound respect for the uniqueness of each individual life. (psych.nwuRead MoreHistory of Human Behavior2837 Words   |  12 Pagesshowed us that, while the dark and blind forces in human nature sometimes seem overwhelming, psychological understanding, by enlarging the realm of reason and responsibility, can make a substantial difference to troubled individuals and even to civilization as a whole. Building on such ideas and ideals, psychoanalysis has continued to grow and develop as a general theory of human mental functioning, while always maintaining a profound respect for the uniqueness of each individual life. (psych.nwuRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1970 Words   |  8 Pagesacademic value among students and should be taught in American high schools because it serves as a medium of literary teaching, an alternative source for studying American history, and controve rsial topics to provoke discussion and encourage higher level thinking among students about the controversy and how it is relevant to our society and lives today. Being on the list of American literary canons, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered significant and influential to American literatureRead MoreHistory And Systems Of Psychology3029 Words   |  13 Pageslearning how your thoughts work and what associates to what, is a vital part of the analytic process. Psychoanalysts understand that even the best advice or the best listening skills only go so far. If the analysis is too quiet the client may think she/he is judging or doesn’t care but if the analysis is giving advice the purpose of psychoanalysis is defeated. (Caligor, Piazza, 2014) Psychoanalysis is the only form of therapy where the client lies on a couch and does not face the therapist and attemptsRead More Jack Kerouacs On the Road Essay3102 Words   |  13 Pagesfreedom. 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The Civil Service Reform ( Csr ) - 2999 Words

1.0 Introduction/ Background Improvement, change and innovation are almost constant, as the service environment remains dynamic in tune to the trend of the society. Civil service reform (CSR) is one of the most intractable yet important challenges for governments and their supporters today. However, CSR might have failed in some states; this is not to say the process is not pertinent as governments and their supporters today seize opportunities availed by the reformation. To buttress this fact, Sarah (2012) posited reformation as a tool touches not only on government’s very purpose of existence, but also on some of its most sensitive, protected areas. Authors like Sarah (2012), Antwi, Analoui and Nana-Agyekum (2008) subscribed to the assertion that civil service is the backbone of the state, supporting or undermining the entire system of governance. This system of governance is however open to notable modifications termed reforms, since administrative heads change, and every administrator has his/her style. In this context, Evans, (2008) cited in Sarah (2012), traced the account of CSR and broke it into three phases. The first phase took place in the 1980s. This period was characterized largely by donors supporting various aspects of institutional development realizing the civil service’s crucial role in changing policy. After the collapse of Communism and the failure of many of the aid programmes of the aforementioned phase, the 1990s saw a growing consensus that theShow MoreRelatedThe Emergence Of Corporate Social Responsibility1619 Words   |  7 Pagesof corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business has beckoned on organisations to take responsibility for the impact of their operations on the society and environment. Business initial response to CSR as displayed by Milton Friedman in 1970 when he termed CSR programmes as hypocritical window dressing and that any business working towards such activity was exposing their firms to suicidal impulses (Friedman, 1970). This had been a general view by lots of CSR sceptics. But time and events haveRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Capital6173 Words   |  25 Pagesadopted by the Philippine government under President Marcos in 1981. Stage Two consists of reforms in the political economy started in 1992 by President Ramos to reduce rentier profit-making and regulatory capture by big corporations. Stage Three has been internally driven from within the Philippine corporate sector. It consists of corporations assuming social development roles and generating social benefits through CSR (corporate social responsibility) policies and programs. It gradually developed duringRead MoreThe Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Global Politics1352 Words   |  6 Pagespoliticians, who then in turn changes policies that will favour the companies. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) emerges from the need to address wrong corporate behavior that results from running the business. Those wrongdoings regard social issues such as environmental concerns, labour and human right abuses. Friedman had said that there is a noticeable shift towards the concept of CSR. His school of thought depicts that â€Å"businesses have a broader responsibility that extend beyond owners and shareholdersRead MoreAnalyse the Major Changes That Have Taken Place in the Uk Civil Service over the Last Twenty Years1834 Words   |  8 Pages‘Analyse the major changes that have taken place in the UK civil service over the last twenty years The civil service is very much the backbone of UK government, underpinning Britains governmental system. 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And the other view of CSR is that the manager of the firm should decide what portion of the firm’s profit should be utilizedRead MoreSocial Responsibility of Private Sector in Context to India3316 Words   |  14 Pageslocally-specific themes. However, the term OSR—or even SR—is not currently used outside the ISO process. There is, therefore, a risk that using this term will generate confusion and some resentment among those who are familiar with existing terms such as CSR. Awareness of and engagement with the SR agenda A further definitional and operational challenge is that issues within the SR agenda are not always identified as such. For example, the South African notion of black economic empowerment can beRead MoreEssay Corporate Social Responsibility 3353 22700 Words   |  11 Pagesprovider. 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The best competitive advantage regarding CSR are the small incentives, which Tim Hortons try to implement withinRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility in South Africa and Ghana: a Comparison of Successes, Failures and Futures in a â€Å"Developed† and an â€Å"Undeveloped† African Country2653 Words   |  11 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR), where companies are held accountable for their actions.In developing countries like South Africa and Ghana that are heavily dependent on gold trade and the associated international investment, the challenge is to ensure that environmental and social impacts of mining are mitigated, that non-renewable resources are converted into national wealth and that mining-generated revenue is claimed and disbursed. In this paper the evolution of CSR in South Africa, a more developed

A Study Area Is The Region Of The U.s. Lake - 1234 Words

A study area is the region of the U.S. Lake States, including Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. In the region, about 27% of the estimated 20.8 million people reside in rural areas. Over 96% of the lands are considered as rural areas. Traditionally, the region had economically dependent on natural resource extraction and related low-skill manufacturing industries (Hamilton et al., 2008). However, such industries are recently weakened by globalization and rising policies on protection of natural resources. Consequently, tourism-based industries that depend on managed public lands not only protecting natural resources, but also providing recreational opportunities have been considered as important alternatives for local economic growth. Thus, an investigation of the relative impacts of economic structures on income distribution can broaden our understanding of the role of each economic industry in the distributional aspects of gateway communities. There is no definitive way to define the gateway communities. In this study, I partly follow a method for â€Å"Sphere of Influence† of gateway communities suggested by the M3West study (Hester, 2013). He used a travel distance that is measured by predefined buffer distance for recreational commuting from gateway communities to public lands. Thus, I first collect public land data (see figure 1). Then, I use a sensitivity analysis to select an appropriate travel distance for recreational commuting based on 5, 10, and 15 mile buffer. FromShow MoreRelatedA Study On Spring Discharge At Zuni Salt Lake1403 Words   |  6 PagesThis dissertation is organized into three separate studies (appendices) that I plan to publish in peer-reviewed journals. The first appendix presents a study that establishes a latest Pleistocene age for volcanic eruptions at Zuni Salt Lake. 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U.S Financial Crisis Industrial Capitalism

Question: Discuss about theU.S Financial Crisisfor Industrial Capitalism. Answer: Introduction: The economic difficulty faced in the global markets due to reduction in consumption is known as financial crisis. The global economy faced financial crisis post recession of 2000. U.S. faced a hitch in their economy after the recession of 2008 which till date takes toll on the employment and growth rate of the nation (Shiller 2012). The main reason which can be cited for the collapse of the US economy is the Dot Com Bubble of 1997 that lasted till 2003 and the global financial crisis of 2007-08. Many new start-up companies cropped up in the market with huge amount of capital investment. Failure of these start-up companies to sustain along with a sudden cut back in investment led to the bubble crisis (Anderson 2016). This essay tries to find out the cause behind this crisis and the impact on the US economy. It also focuses on the impact of Industrial capitalism on the economy. Background of the Crises: The world faced 8 major crises in the past forty years which had devastating effect on the global economy. US economy faced two major economic crises within a short span of 10-11 years which affected the economy to such an extent that it could not revive back till now (Anderson 2016). Dot-Com Bubble: The upward surge in the internet and technologys stock price of U.S helped few share-holders to become millionaires overnight (Eichengreen et al. 2012). Investors started pouring lot of money in this sector and the economy saw growth of many new start-up companies. Those start-up companies were more engrossed in earning profit rather than establishing a well planned business. The result of such step was downfall of those companies and loss of faith of the investors in the market. Investment shrink dramatically and many people became a pauper overnight. It has been recorded as one of the largest bankruptcy in U.S. This incident is known as the Dot-Com Burst or Bubble (Gross 2016). Global Financial Crisis (2007-08): The Financial crisis of 2008 led to major collapse which has affected the entire world. The root of this crisis is a sudden downfall in the price of real estate market which was till then sky-high (Stock and Watson 2012). The collapse of the banking system of U.S was another reason for this depression. Housing prices declined around 31.8% whereas the stock market also crashed and the Dow Jones Industrial Average declined 733 points on 29th September 2008. These summed up the background of the great financial crises that rocked the entire world (Huddleston 2015). Industrial Capitalism: Overview: The top-notch companies of the world have been following the model of industrial capitalism from long time. As the companies are privately owned they always try to maximize profits but at the same time reduce the cost to the company. While doing so the companies often end up exploiting their employers as well as the people of the economy in different ways (Kumar 2015). Industrial capitalism is a situation where the economy is characterized by the dominance of private sector over public sector. The firms and industries are owned and controlled by private entrepreneur who has the sole motive of maximizing their profit (Kumar 2015). This system can efficiently work only under certain stringent parameter like: Productive demographic of the economy and Surplus quantity of exploitable resources. These parameters also act as the barriers in growth of the business and often lead to the economys downfall. Effect on U.S Economy: U.S is the most well-known capitalist nation in the world. There is dominance of private sector in every genre of this economy. Their profit making motives surpasses the peoples ethics and approach towards humanity. Through this part of the essay the effect of such well established industrial capitalism on the economy has been portrayed. U.S economy was ransacked in the financial crises of 2007-08. According to a press release of CNN Donald Trump commented that the economy might be going to experience its worst crises since 1929 (Chang et al. 2013). The financial institutions lent out loans by keeping sub-prime mortgages. Sudden upward escalation in the price of real estate change in the interest rate led the people bankrupted. People were either not bothered to go through the details of the legal papers or were so reluctant to buy a home that they did not consider their capability of repayment (Eichengreen et al. 2012). Hence they were thrown out of their homes and made a pauper by the financial and insurance industry. The unemployment rate reached as high as 10% during October 2009. The basic after effect was that post recession U.S economy faced unemployment rate higher than the global average. Beginning or End of an Era: The failure of the housing sector and the sub-prime mortgage market of the U.S economy were so cataclysmic that it created a ripple effect and destroyed the entire global economic balance. Several economists financing agents government officials and even the common men were in doubt whether the economy was going into another Great Depression. Financing legends like Donald Trump daily news like Wall Street Journal was of the opinion that the existing model of capitalism was to be blamed for the economic catastrophe (Stock and Watson 2012). Economists tried to find out if at all the normal business cycle could be blamed for the steep downfall. With the sudden rise in unemployment along with the recession people who had jobs also panicked about job loss. The monetary instruments got paralyzed. The diagram below shows the pre and post economic condition: Figure 1: Unemployment Rate of U.S (2000-2016) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics US Through this graph the rate of unemployment pre and post recession has been constructed. It is clearly visible that there has been an increase in the unemployment rate after 2000 and it increased to more than 6% during 2003-2004 just after the dot-com bubble. It got reduced after 2004 but again popped up sharply since 2008. From this graph it can be clearly seen that even after 8 years of global recession there has been a downturn in the unemployment rate but still the economy has high level of unemployment. Hence it can be connoted that though the root of the economy got jolted but it was not an end of the industrial capitalism era. There is continuation of the previous capitalist model but the economy is improving in terms of its unemployment rate. Conclusion: Historical data suggests that there have been 8 major global economic crises in the past 40 years. The dot-com crisis and the U.S financial crises occurred back to back and still it is seen that the industry is using the old model of capitalist industrialism. The crises took away wealth worth trillions of dollars employment of more than 8 million people and few thousands of people lost their shelter as well. Statistical data reveals that suicide toll increased sharply as a shock from the crisis (Chang et al. 2013). The other economies worldwide had not been able to regain back its position till now. It can be concluded that even after this chaotic situation the economy made no alteration in their capitalist attitude and henceforth can expect to face further major crisis in near future. References: Anderson S. (2016). A history of the past 40 years in financial crises. IFRe. Retrieved 30 November 2016 from https://www.ifre.com/a-history-of-the-past-40-years-in-financial-crises/21102949.fullarticle Chang S. S. Stuckler D. Yip P. and Gunnell D. (2013). Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study in 54 countries. Eichengreen B. Mody A. Nedeljkovic M. and Sarno L. (2012). How the subprime crisis went global: evidence from bank credit default swap spreads.Journal of International Money and Finance31(5) 1299-1318. Gross A. (2016). Why The Dot-Com Bubble Is Key To Understanding Californias Growing Public Employee Pension Debt. Capradio.org. Retrieved 30 November 2016 from https://www.capradio.org/articles/2016/09/19/why-the-dot-com-bubble-is-key-to-understanding-californias-growing-public-employee-pension-debt/ Kumar K. (2015). The limits and divisions of industrial capitalism.Industrial Societies (Routledge Revivals): Crisis and Division in Western Capatalism 16. Pooi A. H. and Koh Y. B. (2016). Prediction of the Start of Next Recession.Journal of Accounting6(1) 21-29. Shiller R. J. (2012).The subprime solution: how today's global financial crisis happened and what to do about it. Princeton University Press. Stock J. H. and Watson M. W. (2012).Disentangling the Channels of the 2007-2009 Recession(No. w18094). National Bureau of Economic Research. Tom Huddleston J. (2015). These Were the Dow's 10 Worst Single-Day Losses Ever. Fortune. Retrieved 30 November 2016 from https://fortune.com/2015/08/24/stock-market-august-decline/ Unemployment rate. (2016). Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 30 November 2016 from https://www.bls.gov/